Can professional nursing value claims be refused? Might nursing values be accepted provisionally and tentatively?

Value-act relationships are less secure than is commonly supposed and this insecurity is leveraged to address two questions. First, can nurses refuse professional value claims (e.g., claims regarding care and compassion)? Second, even when value claims are accepted, might values be held provisionally and tentatively? These questions may seem absurd. Nurses deliver care and nursing is, we are told, a profession the members of which hold and share values. However, focusing attention on the problematic nature of professional value claims qua claims permits a more conciliatory and realistic stance to be taken towards nurses holding alternative values and value interpretations. This could prove beneficial.

For the good of the children-Life and ethical values when undergoing paternal alienation and involuntary loss of paternity.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Today there is an aspiration and desire for fathers to be caring masculinities that build long-term father-child relationships and emotional presence with their children. Previous research shows that life changes where fathers are deprived of the opportunity for equal parenting and close contact with their children affect the fathers' lives and mental health. The aim of this caring science study is thereby to gain a deeper understanding of life and ethical values when undergoing paternal alienation and experiencing involuntary loss of paternity. DESIGN, RESEARCH METHODS, AND PARTICIPANTS: The study has a qualitative design. The data collection was carried out in 2021 through individual in-depth interviews according to Kvale and Brinkmann. The five fathers who participated in the interviews had experiences of undergoing paternal alienation and involuntary loss of paternity. The interviews were analysed with a reflexive thematic analysis according to Braun and Clarke. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged. Putting yourself aside includes forgetting one's own needs and prioritising the children's and being the best version of oneself for them. In playing with the cards you have been dealt lies an acceptance of life as it has become and also a responsibility not to let the grief take over, by creating new patterns for everyday life and holding up hope. Keeping your dignity as a human being includes being heard, affirmed and consoled, and a form of re-awakening one's dignity as a human being. CONCLUSION: It is fundamental to understand the grief, longing and sacrifice that paternal alienation and involuntary loss of paternity cause human life and how every day can be a struggle to hold on to hope, find comfort and reconcile with the situation. The fundamental foundation that makes life worth living is love and responsibility for the good of the children.

Beyond sustainable consumption practices: Linking organic food consumption to hedonic and eudaimonic well-being.

The organic food industry has significantly gained currency due to consumers being increasingly health conscious. However, more insight is needed to decipher the impact of organic food consumption on consumer well-being. Quantitative methods using a cross-sectional design were applied to collect data from 578 organic food consumers residing in South Africa. The results revealed that organic food consumption plays a central role in providing pleasure, positive emotions, a sense of accomplishment and personal growth to consumers. Moreover, the findings indicate that consumers' health consciousness significantly influences the interplay between dimensions of well-being. These findings shed important light on the scholarly debate around the influence of sustainable consumption on well-being. The study also provides crucial insights into new strategies that actors in the organic food industry as well as policymakers will use to effectively promote sustainable consumption and a healthy lifestyle.

Antecedents and effect of creative accounting practices on organizational outcomes: Evidence from Bangladesh.

This study examines the antecedents and effects of creative accounting practices (CAP) on organizational outcomes in Bangladesh. Thus, this research recognizes the antecedents of creative accounting, such as sustainable financial data (SFD), political connections (PC), corporate ethical values (CEV), future company orientations (FCO), and corporate governance practices (CGP). And also examine how the quality of financial reporting (QFR) and decision-making effectiveness (DME) are influenced by CAP. This study incorporates these fundamental antecedents of creative accounting practices on organizational outcomes by collecting survey data (n = 354) from publicly traded companies in the Dhaka Stock Exchange (DSE), Bangladesh. The study model has been tested through the "Partial Least Square- Structural Equation Modelling" (PLS-SEM) technique using Smart PLS v3.3 software. In addition, we pass various model fit measures, i.e., reliability, validity, factor analysis, and goodness of fit. This study finds that SFD does not work as an antecedent of creative accounting practices. But, the outcomes of the PLS-SEM confirm that PC, CEV, CFO and CGP work as an antecedent of CAP. Furthermore, the results of PLS-SEM also confirm that CAP influence the QFR in the positive direction and CAP influence the DME in the negative direction. Finally, QFR has a positive and significant impact on DME. Any study that has tested the impact of CAP on QFR & DME is yet to be found in the literature. However, policymakers, accounting bodies, regulators, and investors can consider these findings to formulate policy and investment decisions. Mainly, organizations can focus on PC, CEV, CFO and CGP to reduce CAP. But organizations need QFR and DME, which are critical components of organizational outcomes.

Determinants of nursing students' inclination to ethical values: Compassionate love and perceived social support from the family.

BACKGROUND: Since professional values and the associated behaviors constitute the basis of practice in nursing, which is a profession based on professional ethics and ethical values, it is important to determine the inclination of nurses and nursing students to ethical values and the associated factors. AIM: In this study, it was aimed to determine nursing students' levels of inclination to ethical values, compassionate love and perceived social support from the family, to examine the relationship between sociodemographic characteristics, compassionate love and perceived social support from family and inclination to ethical values, and the determining factors affecting the inclination to ethical values. DESIGN: This is a descriptive relational study. METHODS: The study was conducted with 558 students studying at the faculty of nursing between April-June 2022. The data were collected face-to-face using the Personal Information Form, Inclination to Ethical Values Scale, Compassionate Love Scale, and Scale of Perceived Social Support from Family. RESULTS: It was found that there was a positive and significant relationship between compassionate love and perceived social support from the family and the level of inclination to ethical values, and that the mean scores of compassionate love (ß = 0.882) and perceived social support from the family (ß = 0.623) explained 89.3% of the change in the level of inclination to ethical values. CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that males, freshman students, those with illiterate parents and students who did not take courses on ethics were in the risky group in terms of inclination to ethical values, and that sociodemographic characteristics, compassionate love and perceived social support from the family were the determinants of inclination to ethical values.

Satisfacción de pacientes desde la perspectiva de los valores ético-profesionales de la relación odontólogo-paciente

Introducción: La ética profesional permite calificar los actos humanos desde una perspectiva afirmativa o negativa, donde los valores éticos y sociales permiten relacionarse eficazmente en el entorno profesional. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de satisfacción de los pacientes desde la perspectiva de los valores éticos de la relación odontólogo-paciente de los consultorios "Centro Odontológico Integral" del Dr. Guillermo Méndez y "Design Dental" del Dr. Freddy Santillán, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Método: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal, mediante la aplicación de una encuesta a 44 pacientes de dichos consultorios donde se analizaron las variables: satisfacción en la relación interpersonal, satisfacción sobre calidad de atención, escala de valoración sobre la atención odontológica y tiempo ideal de espera en consulta, luego de recibir su tratamiento odontológico. Resultados: El 89 % de los encuestados percibió una relación con el odontólogo amigable y favorable. En la satisfacción con la calidad de la atención un 41 % consideró que sí ha creado un vínculo interpersonal con su odontólogo, un 59 % no lo cree así. En cuanto a la evaluación de la atención odontológica el 64 % le otorgó el máximo de 10 puntos. El 25 % de los pacientes concordó en que el tiempo ideal de espera en consulta debía ser de 20 minutos y otro porcentaje, alto, de 48 %, consideró que el ideal fuera de 30 minutos. Conclusiones: Más de la mitad de los pacientes indican que se sienten satisfechos con el tratamiento que les brindó el odontólogo.

Introduction: Professional ethics allows for characterization of the human behavior from an affirmative or negative perspective in which the ethical and social values make possible a more effective relationship among dentists and their professional environment. Objective: To identify the level of satisfaction in patients treated in both dental offices, "Centro Odontológico Integral" manages by Dr. Guillermo Méndez and "Design Dental" manages by Dr. Freddy Santillán, in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador. Method: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out with the use of a questionnaire to 44 patients of these dental offices; the variables analyzed were as follow: interpersonal relationship satisfaction, patient satisfaction with quality of care, evaluation scale on dental care and ideal waiting time in the office after receiving dental treatment. Results: The 89% of respondents perceived a friendly and favorable relationship with dentists. Concerning patients' satisfaction on quality of care, 41% considered that they had created an interpersonal relationship with their dentist, but the other 59% expressed the opposite. As for the evaluation of dental care, 64% gave it a maximum of 10 points. Twenty-five percent of the patients agreed that the ideal waiting time for consultation should be 20 minutes and another high percentage, 48%, considered that the ideal waiting time should be 30 minutes. Conclusions: More than half of patients reported that they were satisfied with the treatment provided by dentists.

Introdução: A ética profissional permite qualificar os atos humanos sob uma perspectiva afirmativa ou negativa, onde os valores éticos e sociais permitem relações efetivas no ambiente profissional. Objetivo: Identificar o nível de satisfação do paciente desde a perspectiva dos valores éticos da relação dentista-paciente dos consultórios "Centro Odontológico Integral" do Dr. Guillermo Méndez e "Design Dental" do Dr. Freddy Santillán, Santo Domingo de Tsáchilas, Equador. Método: Realizou-se um estudo transversal descritivo, através da aplicação de um questionário a 44 pacientes das referidas clínicas onde foram analisadas as variáveis: satisfação no relacionamento interpessoal, satisfação com a qualidade do atendimento, escala de avaliação do atendimento odontológico e ideal tempo de espera na consulta, após receber seu tratamento odontológico. Resultados: 89% dos entrevistados perceberam uma relação amigável e favorável com o dentista. Quanto à satisfação com a qualidade do atendimento, 41% consideraram ter criado vínculo interpessoal com seu dentista, 59% não. Quanto à avaliação da assistência odontológica, 64% atribuíram nota máxima de 10 pontos. 25% dos pacientes concordaram que o tempo ideal de espera na consulta deveria ser de 20 minutos e outro alto percentual, 48%, considerou que o ideal seria de 30 minutos. Conclusões: Mais de metade dos pacientes indica que se sente satisfeito com o tratamento prestado pelo médico dentista.

Deceiving scientific research, misconduct events are possibly a more common practice than foreseen.

Background: Today, scientists and academic researchers experience an enormous pressure to publish innovative and ground-breaking results in prestigious journals. This pressure may blight the general view concept of how scientific research needs to be done in terms of the general rules of transparency; duplication of data, and co-authorship rights might be compromised. As such, misconduct acts may occur more frequently than foreseen, as frequently these experiences are not openly shared or discussed among researchers. Main body: While there are some concerns about the health and the transparency implications of such normalised pressure practices imposed on researchers in scientific research, there is a general acceptance that researchers must take and accept it in order to survive in the competitive world of science. This is even more the case for junior and mid-senior researchers who have recently started their adventure into the universe of independent researchers. Only the slightest fraction manages to endure, after many years of furious and cruel rivalry, to obtain a long-term, and even less probable, permanent position. There is an evil circle; excellent records of good publications are needed in order to obtain research funding, but how to produce pioneering research during these first years without funding? Many may argue this is a necessary process to ensure good quality scientific investigation, possibly, but perseverance and resilience may not be the only values needed when rejection is received consecutively for years. Conclusion: There is a general culture that scientists rarely share previous bad experiences, in particular if they were associated to misconduct, as they may not be seen or considered as a relevant or hot topic to the scientific community readers. On next, a recent misconduct experience is shared, and a few additional reflections and suggestions on this topic were drafted in the hope other researchers might be spared unnecessary and unpleasant times.

Reflexiones sobre los valores éticos de la protección radiológica para los profesionales tecnólogos médicos de imagenología / Reflections on the ethical values of radiation protection for the professional medical technologists in imaging

Las radiaciones ionizantes tienen el potencial de generar efectos adversos a la salud de las personas. Para hacer un uso más seguro y eficiente de estas radiaciones, la Comisión Internacional de Protección Radiológica fundamentalmente ha implementado un sistema de protección radiológica (SPR) que se basa en tres principios: justificación, optimización y límites. A su vez, estos principios se sustentan en cuatro valores éticos (beneficencia, prudencia, justicia y dignidad). Se sabe que en Chile el profesional que esta mandatado para realizar la toma de los exámenes que utilizan radiaciones ionizantes es el/la Tecnólogo Médico en Imagenología. Por lo tanto, resulta interesante valorar el grado de conocimiento adquirido y posteriormente aplicado en torno a los valores éticos del SPR por parte de dichos profesionales. De esta manera el objetivo del este artículo de tipo Punto de Vista fue realizar una serie de reflexiones en torno a esta temática. Cuando se realiza un procedimientos médico u odontológico con radiaciones ionizantes, el/la Tecnólogo Médico en Imagenología participa esencialmente en la realización del mismo, por lo que no debería ser su responsabilidad el cautelar que se cumplan los 4 valores éticos descritos dentro del SPR. A juicio nuestro, el principio de optimización, sería el único principio o pilar del SPR donde tiene real obligación de participar, utilizando las restricciones a las exposiciones individuales y los niveles de referencia para diagnóstico para reducir las desigualdades en la distribución de las exposiciones entre los grupos expuestos. Finalmente, resulta vital investigar si en su formación de especialidad se tocan estas temáticas

Ionizing radiation has the potential to generate adverse effects on people's health. To make safer and more efficient use of these radiations, the International Commission on Radiological Protection has fundamentally implemented a radiological protection system (RPS) based on three principles: justification, optimization and limits. In turn, these principles are based on four ethical values (beneficence, prudence, justice and dignity). It is known that in Chile the professional who is mandated to perform the exams that use ionizing radiation is the Medical Imaging Technologist. Therefore, it is interesting to assess the degree of knowledge acquired and subsequently applied around the ethical values of the RPS by these professionals. In this way, the objective of this Point of View article was to make a series of reflections on this subject. When a medical or dental procedure is performed with ionizing radiation, the Medical Imaging Technologist essentially participates in its performance, so it should not be their responsibility to ensure that the 4 ethical values described in the RPS are met. In our opinion, the principle of optimization would be the only principle or pillar of the RPS where it has a real obligation to participate, using the restrictions on individual exposures and the diagnostic reference levels to reduce inequalities in the distribution of exposures between exposed groups. Finally, it is vital to investigate whether these topics are addressed in his specialty training.

Workplace challenges and nurses recovered from COVID-19.

BACKGROUND: Although many studies have addressed COVID-19, the challenges faced by nurses in their workplace after recovering from this disease have not been investigated. As the backbone of the health system and at the forefront of the fight against COVID-19, nurses are exposed to serious risks of infection and even death. They may also face numerous challenges in their workplace after recovering from COVID-19. It is therefore ethically recommended that the problems of these nurses be solved to increase their job satisfaction and encourage them to remain in their profession. OBJECTIVES: The present research was conducted to determine the workplace challenges faced by nurses who had recovered from COVID-19. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted using the interpretive phenomenological approach proposed by van Manen. The data collected through 17 in-depth semi-structured interviews with 14 eligible nurses at different occupational levels were analyzed using the six steps proposed by van Manen. These nurses had also recovered from COVID-19. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Urmia University of Medical Sciences (IR.UMSU.REC.1399.318). FINDINGS: Four themes and 20 subthemes extracted from analyzing the data explained the challenges faced by the nurses after their return to work. The themes included declined ethical values (four subthemes), infected nurses, forgotten patients (three subthemes), gradually leaving the job (six subthemes), and corona phobia (seven subthemes). CONCLUSION: The present findings can be used to lay the foundations for adopting humanitarian policies in health organizations in terms of ethical care provision during future pandemics.

Ethics for integrating emerging technologies to contain COVID-19 in Zimbabwe.

Zimbabwe is among the countries affected with the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and implemented several infection control and measures such as social distancing, contact tracing, regular temperature checking in strategic entry and exit points, face masking among others. The country also implemented recursive national lockdowns and curfews to reduce the virus transmission rate and its catastrophic impact. These large-scale measures are not easy to implement, adhere to and subsequently difficult to practice and maintain which lead to imperfect public compliance, especially if there is a significant impact on social and political norms, economy, and psychological wellbeing of the affected population. Also, emerging COVID-19 variants, porous borders, regular movement of informal traders and sale of fake vaccination certificates continue to threaten impressive progress made towards virus containment. Therefore, several emerging technologies have been adopted to strengthen the health system and health services delivery, improve compliance, adherence and maintain social distancing. These technologies use health data, symptoms monitoring, mobility, location and proximity data for contact tracing, self-isolation, and quarantine compliance. However, the use of emerging technologies has been debatable and contentious because of the potential violation of ethical values such as security and privacy, data format and management, synchronization, over-tracking, over-surveillance and lack of proper development and implementation guidelines which impact their efficacy, adoption and ultimately influence public trust. Therefore, the study proposes ethical framework for using emerging technologies to contain the COVID-19 pandemic. The framework is centered on ethical practices such as security, privacy, justice, human dignity, autonomy, solidarity, beneficence, and non-maleficence.

Aspectos Éticos de la Protección Radiológica en Procedimientos de Radiología Dental

RESUMEN: Se sabe de los beneficios que la radiología dental ha significado para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas en todo el mundo, sin embargo, también conocemos los riesgos asociados a su uso. Para disminuir estos riegos, diferentes organizaciones a nivel internacional han desarrollado un SISTEMA DE PROTECCIÓN RADIOLÓGICA (SRP) basado en los principios de: Justificación, optimización y limitación de dosis, los cuales a su vez han evolucionado en base al desarrollo de la ciencia, los valores éticos, y la experiencia acumulada en la práctica cotidiana de los profesionales de la protección radiológica. Al revisar la normativa que regula el uso de las radiaciones ionizantes en Chile, analizamos que no se tienen en cuenta los aspectos o valores éticos al momento de hablar y aplicar el SPR en procedimientos de radiología dental. Por todo lo anterior, el objetivo del presente trabajo de revisión narrativa fue elaborar un nuevo documento de consulta para los odontólogos, que contenga de manera resumida y con definiciones precisas, los principales aspectos a tener en cuenta a la hora de comprender como funciona el SPR y los valores éticos que lo fundamentan, ayudando de esta manera a resolver objetivamente los juicios de valor que se pueden presentar durante la solicitud, ejecución e interpretación de los procedimientos de radiología dental.

ABSTRACT: The benefits of dental radiology that improve the quality of life of populations worldwide have been well established. However, the risks associated with its use are also known. With these risks in mind, various international organizations have developed a Radiological Protection System (RPS) based on the principles of: Justification, optimization and dose limitation, which in turn have evolved based on science, values ethics, and the experience accumulated during the daily practice by radiation protection professionals. While reviewing the standards that regulate the use of ionizing radiation in Chile, we observed that ethical aspects or values are not taken into account when applying the RPS in dental radiology procedures. In light of these findings, the objective of this narrative review was to develop a new consultation procedure for dentists, which contains the main aspects to consider when understanding how SPR works, in a summarized precise form, as well as the supporting ethical values. Thereby helping to resolve the value judgments that may arise during the performance and interpretation of dental radiology procedures.

Interfaces of occupational health management and corporate social responsibility: a multi-centre qualitative study from Germany.

BACKGROUND: The workplace has been identified as a priority setting for health promotion. There are potential advantages of systematically integrating Occupational Health Management (OHM) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). However, OHM and CSR are usually overseen by different management branches with different sets of values, and there is a lack of empirical research regarding interfaces between OHM and CSR. Germany offers a particularly useful setting due to legislation requiring health to be promoted in the workplace. This study aims to examine key stakeholders' views and experiences regarding interfaces between OHM and CSR in German companies. METHODS: Individual semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with a sample of 77 German stakeholders from three different groups: experts in occupational health and corporate social responsibility from various companies (n = 35), business partners (n = 19), and various non-business partners (n = 23). Transcripts were analysed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Participants identified several areas in which OHM and CSR are already interacting at strategic, structural and cultural levels, but also highlighted several barriers that undermine a more meaningful interaction. Participants reported difficulties in articulating the underlying ethical values relevant to both OHM and CSR at the strategic level. Several structural barriers were also highlighted, including a lack of resources (both financial and knowledge), and OHM and CSR departments not being fully developed or undertaken at entirely different operational levels. Finally, the missing practical implementation of corporate philosophy was identified as a critical cultural barrier to interfaces between OHM and CSR, with existing guidelines and companies' philosophies that already connect OHM and CSR not being embraced by employees and managers. CONCLUSIONS: There is already significant overlap in the focus of OHM and CSR, at the structural, strategic and cultural levels in many German companies. The potential is there, both in theory and practice, for the systematic combination of OHM and CSR. The insights from this study will be useful to ensure that closer integration between both management branches is set up in a socially sustainable and ethical manner.

Supporting societal and economic dynamics of recovery: lessons from Chernobyl and Fukushima.

This paper does not necessarily reflect the views of the International Commission on Radiological Protection.Beyond the consideration of radiological aspects, the rehabilitation of living and working conditions after a large nuclear accident is a complex process in which all dimensions of individual and community life are involved and interconnected. Responsibles of socio-economic entities are facing various difficulties/challenges, including the implementation of protective actions for ensuring the protection of employees, the continuity of production of good-quality products in affected areas, and restoring the confidence of consumers. For affected local communities, the deployment of a socio-economic programme is essential to enable a sustainable future while recognising that a return to the pre-accident situation is generally not achievable. In this context, supporting the societal and economic dynamics of the recovery process requires the adoption of specific governance mechanisms respecting a series of ethical and social values, as highlighted by lessons from the post-accident management of the Chernobyl and Fukshima accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plants.

The Influence of Chinese Machiavellianism and Moral Identity on the Level of Anxiety in Moral Dilemma Situations in Chinese Students.

Based on the conflict-of-values theory, this study examines the influences of Machiavellianism and ethical values on anxiety in college students when they face moral dilemmas. Questionnaires on the Chinese equivalent of Machiavellianism, moral identity, and anxiety were completed by 115 Chinese college students. The results suggest that Machiavellianism and ethical values influence anxiety, and the interaction between ethical values and Machiavellianism is significant-among individuals with high ethical values, those with high levels of Machiavellianism exhibit markedly higher levels of anxiety than those with low levels of Machiavellianism. However, among individuals with low ethical values, there is no difference in anxiety between those with low or high levels of Machiavellianism. This research, depicting complex relationships among anxiety, Machiavellianism, and ethical values, suggests that leading people to do good deeds not only requires high ethical values but also necessitates the resistance to negative values such as Machiavellianism.

Living conditions and health status of populations living in territories impacted by nuclear accidents - Some lessons for developing health surveillance programme.

This paper explores how health concerns of populations living in contaminated areas following radiological accidents can be considered in developing health surveillance. The research was performed in the framework of the SHAMISEN project, and aimed at identifying the impacts on, and challenges associated with, living and social conditions of affected populations. These objectives were achieved through the analysis of specific Case Studies in different situations observed after the Chernobyl accident (Belarus and Norway) and the activities carried out after the Fukushima accident. It incorporates an analysis of testimonies of medical experts and local stakeholders from contaminated territories in Japan within two Case Studies as well as through a dedicated workshop jointly organised with Fukushima Medical University in Japan in March 2016. The analysis addresses the following topics:Thus, this paper outlines key lessons learned from each of these topics, by providing tangibles examples from the analysis of the various Case Studies.

A critical perspective on guidelines for responsible and trustworthy artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is among the fastest developing areas of advanced technology in medicine. The most important qualia of AI which makes it different from other advanced technology products is its ability to improve its original program and decision-making algorithms via deep learning abilities. This difference is the reason that AI technology stands out from the ethical issues of other advanced technology artifacts. The ethical issues of AI technology vary from privacy and confidentiality of personal data to ethical status and value of AI entities in a wide spectrum, depending on their capability of deep learning and scope of the domains in which they operate. Developing ethical norms and guidelines for planning, development, production, and usage of AI technology has become an important issue to overcome these problems. In this respect three outstanding documents have been produced:1. The Montréal Declaration for Responsible Development of Artificial Intelligence2. Ethics Guidelines for Trustworthy AI3. Asilomar Artificial Intelligence PrinciplesIn this study, these three documents will be analyzed with respect to the ethical principles and values they involve, their perspectives for approaching ethical issues, and their prospects for ethical reasoning when one or more of these values and principles are in conflict. Then, the sufficiency of these guidelines for addressing current or prospective ethical issues emerging from the existence of AI technology in medicine will be evaluated. The discussion will be pursued in terms of the ambiguity of interlocutors and efficiency for working out ethical dilemmas occurring in practical life.

Islamic and Western Ethical Values in Health Services Management: A Comparative Study.

PURPOSE: This research was performed to compare Islamic and Western ethical values in health services management. APPROACH: Whittemore and Knafl's integrative review was employed. FINDINGS: Eight final categories of Islamic values (i.e., honesty, piety, foresight, dignity, justice, good temperament, widened heart, and certainty to God) and nine final categories of Western values in health services management (i.e., honesty, freedom, forgiveness, altruism, justice, dignity, responsibility, tolerance, and wisdom) were extracted in this study. CONCLUSIONS: The results showed some discrepancy between Islamic and Western ethical values, which are partially due to a different definition of values in Islam and the West. IMPLICATIONS: The comparison of ethical values can facilitate the exchange of intellectual, cultural, and experimental ideas between Islamic and Western healthcare management.

Why and when does job satisfaction promote unethical pro-organizational behaviours? Testing a moderated mediation model.

This study examined the relationship between job satisfaction and unethical pro-organizational behaviours (UPB) by testing a moderated mediation model that focused on how employees' belongingness mediates the relationship between job satisfaction and UPB and how corporate ethical values moderate this mediated relationship. Our investigation included 369 employees from different organizations in Southeast China. The regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction positively influences UPB through belongingness. In addition, a moderated regression analysis indicated that low corporate ethical values strengthen not only the effect of belongingness on UPB but also the indirect effect of job satisfaction on UPB. These findings deepen our understanding of UPB by showing that individuals with a high level of job satisfaction are more likely to engage in UPB through belongingness when corporate ethical values are low. Finally, the theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.

Ethical values in college education: a mixed-methods pilot study to assess health sciences students' perceptions.

BACKGROUND: Society demands a university education grounded on ethical principles. Education in ethics values is responsibility of universities but will not be viable unless also adopted by directly responsible agents, the teachers who work with the students. For this reason, our primary research objective was to conduct an in-depth analysis of how Health Sciences students self-perceive the ethical dimension. METHODS: A mixed research methodology with two phases, qualitative and quantitative, allowed us to address our research question from two complementary viewpoints. Conversational interviews were conducted in an intentional and purposive sample to identify a wide range of discursive representations. A questionnaire was designed based on previous studies and the topics of qualitative research. The response format for the questionnaire followed a Likert scale and modulators such as sex, age, degree and the score of a social desirability test were examined. RESULTS: After 24 conversational interviews, three main thematic blocks (coinciding with the three subscales of the questionnaire) were identified: "attitudes for harmony in human relations", "construction of the self" and "rules and regulations". A total of 246 students completed a questionnaire with 39 items. The total scores ranged from 93 to 152 points, with an average score of 122.72 ± 10.64 points. Responsibility, the basic rules of education and respect were perceived as the two most important values, whereas solidarity and social participation as the least important. Results showed a significant positive linear correlation between total score on the questionnaire and age and social desirability. Age was also a significant predictor for the total score and the subscale score "rules and regulations". The students´ responses seemed to be conditioned by the degree of social desirability that they present. CONCLUSIONS: The ad-hoc questionnaire captured the maintenance of high ethical values in our college undergraduate students, which may be directly related to enhanced social desirability. The scores obtained on the questionnaire were correlated with the students' age, which may indicate that values might tend to acquire progressively more importance as students grow older. Further research is warranted to delve deeper on the determinants of professionalism and ethical decision-making in college students.

La identidad latinoamericana: premisa martiana consustancial para la formación del estudiante universitario actual / The Latin American identity: Martian premise consubstantial for the formation of the current university student

RESUMEN El trabajo aborda una faceta dentro del humanismo martiano que refleja sus consideraciones en su bregar por tierras de América. Sus postulados constituyen un imprescindible legado para formar en los estudiantes universitarios valores éticos que los conviertan en mejores seres, humanos y profesionales. En su recorrido desde México hacia Guatemala, el Apóstol pretende resaltar la figura del negro de raza pura que allí vivía. Estas consideraciones se ofrecen a partir del texto Livingstone. El artículo tiene como objetivo develar algunas ideas que permitan un desarrollo político-ideológico, ético y estético integral donde se destaque el conocimiento y respeto por la historia, la autoctonía de los pueblos americanos y la cultura patrias.

ABSTRACT The work addresses a facet within Martian humanism that reflects its considerations in its struggle for the lands of America. Its postulates constitute an essential legacy to form in university students ethical values ​​that turn them into better beings, human beings and professionals. On his journey from Mexico to Guatemala, the Apostle pretends to highlight the figure of the black of pure race that lived there. These considerations are offered from the Livingstone text. The article aims to reveal some ideas that allow a political-ideological, ethical and integral aesthetic development where knowledge and respect for history, the autochthony of the American people and the patriotic culture are highlighted.